Second citizenship: every way to get a passport
A second passport: from $95 in fees by naturalization to $1 million by investment.
Popular programs
Two-minute quiz
Which second passport suits you
Six questions, and three countries where your case is the rule rather than the exception. Each comes with a dollar total for the whole route for your family.
The quiz runs in a browser with JavaScript. Below is a table of every route to a second passport: timeline, dollar total for one adult and what happens to your current passport.
Citizenship by investment in 2026
Here money buys speed: a passport in months, without relocating. Every sum is checked for its source - we prepare that in advance.
Through residence
Citizenship by naturalization in Europe
A European passport is earned with years, not money: from 5 years in Germany and the Netherlands to 10 in Switzerland and Monaco. Some countries will ask you to hand in your current passport, and it is better to find that out before the move, not after.
Through residence
Naturalization in the Americas, Asia and Africa
In Latin America a passport takes 2-5 years, and in former Soviet republics even less, if a Soviet birth certificate survived in the family archive. Canada and the US count days of physical presence almost one by one, so a long holiday back home can push the passport further away.
By descent
Citizenship by ancestry and repatriation
A great-grandfather from Bessarabia or an Irish grandfather can be worth more than any deposit: by ancestry an EU passport comes without relocation and for fees of a few hundred dollars at most. You pay with archives, translations and patience, so find the documents first and buy the tickets later.
Citizenship for a child born in the country
In the Americas a child usually gets a passport by place of birth, in Europe only if the parents have already lived in the country for years. The difference fits into one line of the law, so book the maternity ward after you have read that line.
Caribbean passports: citizenship in 3-6 months
Five island states grant citizenship for a contribution or real estate, with visa-free entry to the Schengen area and dozens of other countries. Citizens of Russia and Belarus can apply on another citizenship if they hold one - we check the conditions before you file.
Which citizenship programs are closed
Investment programs close faster than their brochures get reprinted. The EU Court of Justice stopped Malta's in 2025, Moldova wound up its own back in 2020. The pages below explain what happened to applicants and which routes remain. The second passport quiz on this page shows the open programs for your passport and budget.
All countries
Calculator
Price a second citizenship for your family
An advertised passport price is like an airfare without luggage: due diligence on every family member, fees and the passports themselves come on top. The calculator adds it all into one dollar total for the whole route.
The calculator runs in a browser with JavaScript. Below is a table with the total for each programme for one adult and for a family of four.
One-minute check
Can I have dual citizenship: check two countries
States are jealous, but not equally: some tolerate a second passport, some pretend it does not exist, and some make you choose. Pick two countries and we will show which one is jealous, under which legal rule, and what to do step by step.
The interactive check needs JavaScript. Below are the same rules for each country.
Which second passport fits: five questions
The right passport is usually found in five questions, and money is not the first of them. An honest answer to each one cuts the list above in half.
- Where were you, your parents and grandparents born? Birth in the Kyrgyz SSR opens Kyrgyz citizenship after a year in the country. Romanian, Greek, Italian or Armenian ancestors or Jewish roots open a route by descent: Romania, Greece, Italy, Armenia, Israel.
- Are you ready to move for 2-5 years? Then look at Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay; in Europe Germany is faster than most with its five years.
- Do you need to keep your current passport? Kazakhstan does not allow dual citizenship, the Netherlands usually require renunciation, Serbia does so for naturalization. The full picture is in our overview of dual citizenship in 2026.
- How much will you invest, and do you need the money back? An apartment in Turkey can be sold after 3 years, a contribution in Vanuatu is not refundable. All active programs with family totals are compared in where to buy citizenship legally.
- Are you planning a child? Giving birth in Argentina, Brazil or Uruguay gives the child a passport straight away and shortens the route for the parents.
If the answer to all five is no, there is still an option, it just takes longer or costs more. A step-by-step guide with the Russian notification rules and taxes is in second citizenship for Russians in 2026. The quickest way to check yourself is the six-question quiz at the top of the page, and the cost calculator prices the route for your family.
FAQ
Where is it easiest to get a second citizenship?
Second citizenship for Russians in 2026: what actually works?
How much does a second citizenship cost?
Can a Russian citizen hold dual citizenship?
How to get a second citizenship without moving?
Do you have to give up Russian citizenship?
How long does it take to get a second citizenship?
Is it legal to buy citizenship?
See also
- Quiz: easiest second passport to get
- Calculator: how much does citizenship cost
- Second passport cost in 2026: 32 programs ranked with official sources
- Citizenship and residence program changes 2025-2026: log with official sources
- Second citizenship for Russians in 2026: easiest options
- Buy citizenship by investment in 2026: where and how much
- Dual citizenship in 2026: where it is allowed, where it is banned, and what it really costs
- How to choose a country for a second passport: a step-by-step guide
- One-minute check: do I qualify for Kyrgyz citizenship
Which route to a second passport suits you?
Tell us about your budget, roots and plans - we compare citizenship by investment, naturalisation, repatriation and by birth and prepare the documents.