Paraguay and Russia dual citizenship: can you keep both passports in 2026

9 min read · Published 6 October 2026

Paraguay does not ask for proof of giving up Russian citizenship, but naturalised citizens face a constitutional caveat. We explain how to keep both passports and what Russia requires.

In short

With a condition: Paraguay does not require you to give up Russian citizenship on naturalisation, but under Article 150 of the Constitution a naturalised citizen can lose the Paraguayan passport by voluntarily acquiring another citizenship later.

Previous passport on naturalisation	With conditions
Country rule	No proof of release from your previous citizenship is required. But a naturalised citizen loses Paraguayan citizenship by voluntarily taking another one later
Legal basis	Article 150 of the Constitution of Paraguay
What Russia requires	notify the Interior Ministry within 60 days
Checked	October 2026

Russian citizenship is kept when acquiring Paraguayan: Russia does not end its own, and Paraguay does not require a renunciation document. The key point is that the constitutional caveat concerns citizenship acquired after naturalisation.

What Paraguay requires on naturalisation

The route to Paraguayan citizenship runs through permanent residence. It is granted at once for investment from $70,000 or after temporary residency of up to 2 years, and you can apply for citizenship after 3 years with permanent residence. A court decides: naturalisation proceedings take 9 months to 2 years, and the court assesses a real link to the country.

Paraguay does not require a document of renunciation of previous citizenship. But Article 150 of the Constitution provides for the loss of citizenship by a naturalised Paraguayan who voluntarily acquires another citizenship after naturalisation. So the order matters: a passport you hold at the time of naturalisation creates no risk, while a new one acquired later does.

What Russia requires

Russia allows a second citizenship and does not end its own, but inside the country treats you only as a Russian citizen (Article 10 of Federal Law No. 138-FZ on Citizenship).

Within 60 days of receiving the second passport, file a notification with the Interior Ministry (MVD). If you are abroad at that moment, the period runs from the day you enter Russia.
Attach a copy of the foreign passport or another document proving the citizenship.

Failure to notify falls under Article 330.2 of the Russian Criminal Code: a fine of up to $2,400 or up to one year of income, or up to 400 hours of compulsory work.
Late or incomplete notification: a fine of $10-15 under Article 19.8.3 of the Code of Administrative Offences.
A residence permit abroad must be reported under the same rules (Article 11 of Law No. 138-FZ).

A Russian citizen with a second passport may not hold state or municipal office, serve in government bodies or stand for election. The duties of a Russian citizen, including military service, remain, and inside Russia the second passport is not taken into account.

How to keep both passports: step by step

Get permanent residence. At once for investment from $70,000 or after temporary residency of up to 2 years.
Live in Paraguay for 3 years with permanent residence and keep proof of real life there: leases, bills, tax documents.
File for naturalisation in court with proof of residence, criminal record certificates and proof of means.
Go through the court case: 9 months to 2 years, the court checks your link to the country.
Do not acquire new citizenships after naturalisation if you want to keep the Paraguayan passport.
Notify the Russian Interior Ministry within 60 days of receiving the passport, or within 60 days of entering Russia if you are abroad.

You do not hand in your Russian passport after naturalisation. If you plan another citizenship, such as a European one, it is better to obtain it before the Paraguayan one rather than after.

What happens to children

A child born in Paraguay is Paraguayan by birth and, with a Russian parent, can also get Russian citizenship through the consulate. The Article 150 caveat concerns naturalised citizens, not citizens by birth. Birth and a child's citizenship are covered on the page Paraguayan citizenship by birth.

Taxes and military service

Paraguay taxes only local income: 0% on income from abroad and up to 10% on local income. A tax residence certificate is available after 120 days in the country in a year. Paraguay has no double tax treaty with Russia.

Paraguay's Constitution provides for compulsory military service for young men but recognises the right to conscientious objection. A Russian citizen's Russian military duty remains.

Common mistakes

Acquiring a new citizenship after Paraguayan naturalisation. Under Article 150 of the Constitution this can cost the Paraguayan passport.
Living in the country only on paper. The court assesses a real link, and formal residence leads to refusal.
Leaving for long on temporary status. A temporary resident loses status after a year abroad.
Missing the Russian Interior Ministry notification. The deadline is 60 days from receiving Paraguayan citizenship, and failure carries criminal liability.

How to get Paraguayan citizenship

The fastest route is permanent residence at once for investment from $70,000, then 3 years with permanent residence and court naturalisation. Without investment the route is longer by the temporary residency, up to 2 years.

Requirements, timelines and costs are on the page Paraguayan citizenship.

You can check any pair of countries with the dual citizenship checker and compare all countries in the overview dual citizenship in 2026.

A Paraguayan passport without the risk of losing it

The law does not stop you from getting Paraguayan citizenship on your own. But mistakes cost more than fees: formal residence the court will not count, lost temporary status and a new citizenship acquired after naturalisation. We handle the route from permanent residence to the court decision and plan the order of citizenships in advance.

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This topic in other countries

Dual citizenship rules with Russia in other countries:

FAQ

Can you hold Paraguayan and Russian citizenship at the same time?

With a condition: Paraguay does not require you to give up Russian citizenship on naturalisation, but under Article 150 of the Constitution a naturalised citizen can lose the Paraguayan passport by voluntarily acquiring another citizenship later.

Do I need to notify the Russian Interior Ministry about Paraguayan citizenship?

Yes. A Russian citizen notifies the Interior Ministry of a second citizenship within 60 days under Article 10 of Law No. 138-FZ; failing to notify carries criminal liability under Article 330.2 of the Russian Criminal Code.

Do I need to give up Russian citizenship to become Paraguayan?

No, Paraguay does not require a renunciation document, and the Russian passport is kept.

What is Article 150 of Paraguay's Constitution?

It is the rule on loss of citizenship: a naturalised Paraguayan can lose the Paraguayan passport by voluntarily acquiring another citizenship after naturalisation.

How many years until I can get Paraguayan citizenship?

After 3 years with permanent residence, followed by a court case of 9 months to 2 years. Permanent residence can be obtained at once for investment from $70,000.

Will a child have dual Paraguayan and Russian citizenship?

Yes, a child born in Paraguay is Paraguayan by birth and can get Russian citizenship through the consulate. Article 150 restrictions do not apply to citizens by birth.

Is foreign income taxed in Paraguay?

No, Paraguay taxes only local income, at up to 10%.

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